The Maltese is a small-breed dog in the toy group.
The term "Bichon Maltais" is the French translation for what is known in America as the Maltese. Despite its name, this dog is not a Bichon Frise-Maltese mix and therefore should not be confused with one. As of 2010, the Maltese was the 22nd most popular dog in the United States based on American Kennel Club registrations.
Size
The Maltese is a small toy breed that should weigh under 7 lbs., according to the AKC, with 4 to 6 lbs. being the "preferred" weight range. However, the AKC does note that the overall quality of each individual dog is more important than the actual weight of the dog. Male Maltese dogs should stand between 8 and 10 inches, with females being only slightly smaller at 8 to 9 inches.
Physical Appearance
The head of the dog is proportionate to the overall size of the dog, being slightly rounded with low set drop ears. The neck should allow the dog to carry its head high and up from its compact body. This breed features close knit elbows and a deep chest with strong hind legs. The tail should curl over the back and lay to one side.
Fur Coat
A true Maltese features long, silky fur; cutting the fur to a more manageable puppy cut is also acceptable. This breed should not feature any curling, kinking or unusual texture. Regarding color, the Maltese should be pure white, although AKC regulations permit light tan or lemon coloring around the ears. Unlike many other breeds, such as the Pekingese, the Maltese does not feature an undercoat.
Temperament
Bichon Maltais are extremely intelligent, playful and devoted dogs. They are easily trained to do tricks, but they may be difficult to potty train. They are alert and quick to sound off at any unusual noise such as a knock at the front door. This small breed will do well in both a house or an apartment environment, as long as regular play and exercise is included, as this breed loves the outdoors. When properly trained, the Bichon Maltais can make an excellent family dog.
Health
Like any canine breed, the Maltese is not without its health issues. Psychological issues, including separation anxiety and small dog syndrome are not uncommon in this toy breed. Small dog syndrome is a name for a set of behavioral issues in which the dog believes it is the pack leader or boss of the house. Aside from this, due to the fur, the Maltese is prone to sunburn and extreme weather changes, either hot or cold. Additional health issues that can affect the Maltese include dental, eyes, skin and respiratory issues and a weak digestive system.
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